Water Supply and Sanitary Works Estimation

 Water Supply Works: 

Water supply work refers to the complete system required to deliver water to the consumer's end. Here are some key things to consider when estimating water supply work:

1. The length of pipelines (in running meters) is measured separately for different diameters. This includes the cost of fittings, supplying the pipes, and fixing them in place. This involves digging trenches, laying the pipes, joining them, and refilling the trenches with earth.
2. The number of fittings, such as stop cocks, bib cocks, and ferrules, is included in the estimate, along with the cost of supplying and fixing them in place.
3. Water main pipes can be made of various materials, including galvanized iron (G.I.), cast iron (C.I.), steel, or R.C.C. (Hume) pipes.
4. Generally, G.I. pipes are used for smaller diameters (up to 7.5 cm), while C.I. pipes are used for diameters up to 60 cm.
5. The cost of painting G.I. pipes and specials is included based on running meters.

Sanitary Works

Sanitary work typically involves installing flush toilets and connecting them to sewer lines or septic tanks. To estimate sanitary work costs, the number of different fittings is determined, and rates are applied based on supplying and fixing them in place. 

Here are some key things to consider when estimating sanitary work:

1. The latrine seat, flushing cistern, flushing pipes, etc., are considered one set. The rate for a complete set is calculated for the entire project.
2. The number of wash basins, valve cowls, gully traps, master traps, etc., is also estimated.
3. Similar to water supply work, pipelines of different materials and diameters are estimated based on running meters for the complete project.
4. The number of masonry manholes and inspection chambers is estimated individually.
   
   (Note: Latrine seats, siphons, footrests, flushing cisterns, and flushing pipes can also be estimated separately and priced per unit.)